(1) 比较
compare: implies an aim of showing relative values or excellences by bringing out characteristic qualities whether similar OR divergent: wanted to ~ the convention facilities of the two cities. （如my English cannot compare with his我的英文水平不如他，如her beauty is beyond compare她无比美丽；compare表示比作比拟时，介词用to，如he compared the religions to different paths towards the peak of the same mountain他把不同宗教比作通往同一座山峰的不同道路） relative相对是和其他事物比较而言的considered in relation to something else，如relative darkness相对而言比较暗，relative newcomer相对而言是个新手
contrast: implies an aim of emphasizing differences: ~ed the computerized system with the old filing cards.
collate: implies minute and critical comparison in order to note points of agreement or divergence: data from police districts across the country will be ~d. 如when both versions of the story were collated, major discrepancies were found核对故事的两个版本之后, 找出了主要的不符之处，如collate a new edition with an earlier one将新版本与旧版本做核对
compare比较: 指找出二者的相似和不同，为了找出相对价值或优势，contrast对比: 强调为了找出不同之处，collate核对: 是细致批判性地比较
记忆方法: 1）比较的意思是放一起查找异同mean to set side by side in order to show likenesses or differences.
(2) 猜测
conjecture: implies forming an opinion or judgment upon evidence insufficient for definite knowledge: scientists could only ~ about the animal's breeding cycle. 仅表示信息或证据不充分，如she didn’t know the facts; what she said was pure conjecture她并不知道实情, 她所说的纯属猜测， 如the general conjectured that the enemy only had about five days’ supply of food left将军推测敌人只剩下五天的粮食给养
surmise: implies even slighter evidence and suggests the influence of imagination or suspicion: ~ed the real reason for the generous gift. 如from his letter I surmised that he was unhappy我从他的信中推测他并不快乐，如he surmised that something must be wrong他猜想肯定有什么地方不对劲儿
guess: stresses a hitting upon a conclusion either wholly at random or from very uncertain evidence: you would never ~ that they were wealthy. random随机stresses chance and lack of definite aim, goal,or procedure强调偶然随机，没有计划目标流程，如a random sampling of public opinion随机采样公众意见
conjecture推测猜测: 指在缺乏证据的情况下形成观点判断，surmise猜测猜疑: 表示更加缺乏证据，暗示是出于想象猜疑，guess猜: 强调完全随机，完全缺乏证据
记忆方法: 1）猜测的意思是证据不足的推测mean to draw an inference from slight evidence.
(3) 理解
understand: may stress the fact of having attained a mental grasp of something: ~ the instructions.
comprehend: stresses the mental process of arriving at a result: failed to ~ the entire process. listening/reading comprehension听力/阅读理解，强调理解"整个过程"
appreciate: implies a just estimation of a thing's value and is often used in reference to what is likely to be misjudged: failed to ~ the risks involved.
understand理解: 强调思维上的把握(mental grasp)，comprehend理解: 强调理解了整个过程，appreciate赏识意识到: 指对事物价值的应有的评估
记忆方法: 1) 练习一下
2）理解的意思是清楚全面地知道mean to have a clear or complete idea of.
(4) 理性
reason: refers to the faculty for order, sense, rationality in thought, inference, and conclusion about perceptions: tried to approach each problem with calm and ~. 逻辑logic表示"有顺序order"，理智sense表示"会判断judge"，理性rationality表示"会推理reason"。 （reason 1、表示理性时和rationality意思相同，如本例 2、表示理由原因时，强调公平正当fair and just cause，如willing to grant any reasonable request愿意答应任何合理请求） 本例：平静理性地处理每个问题 窍门：3个关键词以ros开头，想成玫瑰
understanding: may widen the scope of reason to include most thought processes leading to comprehension and also the resultant state of knowledge: research that led to a new ~ of the disease.
intuition: stresses quick knowledge or comprehension without evident orderly reason, thought, or cogitation: responded on the basis of ~. cogitate沉思to think deeply and intently专注深入地思考，如sitting there cogitating坐那沉思
reason理性: 指逻辑判断推理的能力，understanding理解知识: 泛指思维过程及(获得的)知识，intuition直觉: 强调快速理解知道，不需要推理思考
记忆方法: 1）理性的意思是获取真知的能力mean the power of the intellect by which human beings attain truth or knowledge.
(5) 分享
share: may imply that one as the original holder grants to another the partial use, enjoyment, or possession of a thing, OR may merely imply a mutual use or possession: ~d my tools with the others. 如the lion's share最大份额，to share responsibility/profits共担负责/共享利润，to share a room with someone与某人共居一室，sharebroker/shareholder股票经纪人/股东, 如share the pursuits and happiness of the masses向往你的向往幸福你的幸福
participate: implies a having or taking part in an undertaking, activity, or discussions: students are encouraged to ~ in outside activities.
partake: implies accepting or acquiring a share especially of food or drink: invited everyone to ~ freely of the refreshments. refreshments小吃茶点
share分享共享: 指原持有人分给他人使用，或共同持有和使用，participate参加: 指参与行动活动讨论，partake分享: 用于饮食
记忆方法: 1）分享的意思是共同占有获取使用mean to have, get, or use in common with another or others.
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