compendium: gathers together and presents in concise or outline form all the essential facts or details of a subject: a ~ of computer technology. （concise简要suggests the removal of whatever is superfluous or elaborative删除多余的详细的，如a concise study of the situation简要研究形势，如a concise dictionary/encyclopedia简明词典/百科全书）
syllabus: gives the material necessary for a comprehensive view of a whole subject often in the form of a series of heads or propositions: a ~ for a college history course. 容易和curriculum混淆，curriculum表示全部课程all the subjects，而syllabus是某一课程的大纲 heads标题propositions提议
digest: presents material gathered from many sources and arranged for ready and convenient accessibility: a ~ of world opinion on the Central American question. reader's digest读者文摘
survey: is a brief but comprehensive treatment presented often as a preliminary to further study or discussion: a ~ of current trends in higher education. （survey有3个意思 1、（通过提问，问卷等）调查to gather information by asking questions，等于poll, 如a survey of public opinion民意调查 2、测量检查土地、建筑等to measure and examine a land, house, etc. 3、总体研究全面评述a general study, view or description of something，如a comprehensive survey of modern music现代音乐纵览，如本例对当前高等教育发展趋势的综述）
sketch: is a slight and tentative treatment subject to later change and amplification: a ~ of the proposal. tentative尝试性的，实验性的 还表示速写素描a quick, rough drawing，如a sketch of a house房子速写，sit outside and sketch坐在外边速写
precis: is a concise statement of essential facts or points, often in the style or tone of the original: a ~ of a lengthy article. 如a precis of the book's plot小说情节概述，如本例长文的概述(大意)，synopsis和precis完全同义，能用precis的地方也可同synopsis。他们和summary的区别是篇幅比summary长很多
compendium(学科)概要: 对某学科主要知识点及其细节的简要概述，syllabus提纲大纲: 用标题列出某课程学习内容，digest文摘: 将出处不同的文章摘录浓缩，为了快速方便阅读，survey纵览综述: 指简短但全面的概述，作为后续研究基础，sketch梗概速写: 指粗略概述，需要修改扩充，precis大意概述: 是对他人文章或作品的概述(而非自己的)
记忆方法: 1）首字母CSDSSP排序成PSCSDS平时尝试的事<==概述 "概"的本义是"量米粟的器具，是量米栗时刮平斗斛（hú）用的木板"。放在斗斛上刮平，不使过满。引申为一种衡量标准，现在有2个主要意思 1、某人的态度气势，如气概 2、包括，如概括一概概念大概 概述中的概指"大概=general,approximate"，这些词都来自"包括include"的意思
2) 练习一下 科技论文的摘要用abstract: a brief statement of the main points in a thesis or paper，论文的开头是abstract，之后是introduction，再往后是正文，最后是conclusion。abstract和precis的区别是: abstract是对自己文章的概述，而precis是对"他人"文章的概述。precis介绍分析的内容更多，长度更长通常是原文的1/4，而abstract往往不超过10句话，简短得多。
3）概述的意思是简要叙述mean a brief treatment of a subject or topic. treat表示处理对待治疗叙述论述，和deal、handle是一组同义词，区别是treat通常接context上下文，如本例的brief简要的。如treat the subject realistically in the essay对散文主题如实地叙(论)述。
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