distress: implies an external cause of great physical or mental strain and stress and is likely to connote the possibility of or the need for relief: news of the hurricane put everyone in great ~. strain和stress泛指使物体变形的压力或张力，是2020-04-23 压力stress-tension的前两个词 又如I didn't mean to distress you我没想让你难过，如please don't distress yourself请节哀，the bad news distressed us坏消息让我们很难过，还表示船只遇险，如a distress call遇险呼救，a ship/baby in distress船只遇险/婴儿呼吸困难
suffering: impiles conscious endurance of pain or distress and often a stoical acceptance: the ~ of earthquake victims. (stoic坚忍implies indifference to pleasures, and especially to pains指不以痛苦为意，如remained resolutely stoic even in the face of adversity面对逆境，坚定坚忍) accept接受，这里表示被动接受
misery: stresses the unhappiness attending distress or suffering and often connotes sordidness, abjectness, or dull passivity: the poor live in ~ every day. abject低贱sordid肮脏passive被动消极 雨果Hugo在《悲惨世界Les Miserables》中控诉了法国大革命时期的社会，试图找出人们悲惨生活的根源，找到摆脱悲惨生活的道路。他认为有人是良心的奴隶，有人是欲望的奴隶，有人是法律规则的奴隶，我们必须同时兼顾这三点，找到合理的比例，就能得到满足和幸福
agony: suggests pain too intense to be borne by body or mind: in ~ over their daughter's suicide. （agony表示临死的痛苦the final stages of a difficult or painful death，如his last agony他临终前的痛苦/the death agony临死的痛苦；还引申为极度痛苦，如he was in an agony of remorse他处于极度悔恨之中，如新4第60篇提到死刑犯的精神痛苦mental agony，如本例女儿自杀带来的极度痛苦，所有表示痛苦的词中，这个词程度最重）
distress压力痛苦: 指来自外部的巨大的身心压力，需要缓解，suffering痛苦折磨苦难: 表示须忍受压力痛苦，misery悲惨: 强调带来的不幸，常暗示低贱肮脏被动，agony极度痛苦: 表示剧烈到无法忍受
记忆方法: 1）首字母DSMA想成疯人mads<==痛苦
2）痛苦的意思是身处痛苦烦恼mean the state of being in great trouble or in pain of body or mind.
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