attack: implies aggressively taking the initiative in a struggle: seek new ways to ~ the problem of poverty.  （struggle打斗斗争when two people struggle with each other, they fight，如she screamed at him to 'stop it' as they struggled on the ground他们在地上扭打成一团，她尖叫着“别打了”，此外struggle还表示奋斗to strive，如a country struggling for independence为独立而奋斗的国家，或表示困难的having difficulty，如life as a struggling artist生活困难的艺术家）


assail: implies attempting to conquer or break down resistance by repeated blows or shots: ~ed the enemy with artillery fire.   （如新四11课中hunger assailed the Danish army丹麦军队受饥饿所困扰，包含了repeated的意思）


assault: suggests a direct attempt to overpower by suddenness and violence of onslaught in a direct confrontation: commando troops ~ the building from all sides.  突击队   （onslaught猛攻，剧烈猛烈毁灭性打击suggests a vigorous, destructive attempt to overwhelm by force of momentum or numbers or intensity，如succumbed to the onslaught of the disease被猛烈突发的疾病击垮）  解释中有2个direct，可见强调直接近身


bombard: applies to attacking continuously and devastatingly with bombs or shells: ~ed the city nightly.  （shelling炮击，靠的是炮弹的冲击力，bombing轰炸，靠的是炸弹的爆炸力，"轰"是拟声词，原意是车的轰隆声: "轰，群车声也"。另外，barrage表示弹幕,猛烈炮火,枪林弹雨a large number of guns in a particular direction，还表示数量多a large number of，如a barrage of questions/criticisms/complaints连珠炮似的问题/批评/抱怨）


storm: implies an attempt to sweep from its path every obstacle to victory: a fortress that has never been ~ed.  （sweep横扫扫射全胜to remove something quickly，如they would sweep the trench with the Lewis gun用刘易斯式机枪向战壕扫射，如New Jersey swept Detroit last season上个赛季新泽西队全胜底特律队，词组sweep to victory表示轻松取胜，如Labor swept to victory in 2018工党在2018年轻松取胜)  又如to take someone by storm横扫轻松拿下=sweep，如Tik Tok has taken Generation Z (or internet, or social media) by storm抖音势不可挡横扫95后(或因特网，社交媒体)，在美国Generation Z表示95后，Generation Y表示90后，Generation X是80后


attack攻击: 指侵略性地发起打击，assail持续打击:  指反复打击射击，为征服消灭抵抗，assault近身猛攻: 表示直接近身地猛攻制胜，突然又猛烈，bombard轰炸: 使用炸弹炮弹连续毁灭性攻击，storm横扫攻占:  表示扫除一切障碍，轻松取胜

记忆方法: 1）首字母AAABS三辆巴士<==攻击

         2）攻击的意思是猛烈军事打击mean to make a more or less violent onset upon.   （"击"的意思是"敲knock"，而"攻"的意思就是击: 许慎《说文》:"攻，击也"，因此"攻击"本意是敲打。另外，"打"的意思也是击《说文》: 击也。 可见"击"是攻和打的基础词）  （onset两个意思 1、开始、发作，特别是不好的事情the beginning of something, esp. something unpleasant，如the onset of winter冬天的到来， 2、军事攻击a military attack，如本例）