throw: is general and exchangeable with other terms, but may specifically imply a distinctive propelling motion with the arm: ~ the ball with great accuracy.



cast: usually implies lightness in the thing thrown, and sometimes a scattering: ~ bread crumbs to the birds.


toss: suggests a light or careless or aimless throwing and may imply an upward motion: ~ her racket on the bed.


fling: stresses a vigorous throwing with slight aim or control: ~ the ring back in his face.


hurl: implies a powerful and forceful driving as in throwing a massive weight: ~ the intruder out the window. (hurl abuse(threat) at固定搭配辱骂(威胁)某人)


pitch: suggests a throwing carefully at a target: ~ horseshoes; OR lightness and casualness: ~ trash in the basket.   （to pitch horseshoes:掷马蹄铁游戏）


sling: suggests propelling with a sweeping, swinging motion,usually with force and suddenness: ~ the bag over his shoulder. （sweep挥动: His arm swept around the room. 他伸出手臂绕着房间挥了一圈） (swing规则来回运动: 来回或前后运动regular movement to and fro, back and forth: 例如swing the rope back and forth前后摆绳)



throw扔出: 泛指,可代替其它词,或特指用胳膊扔（而不是只用手），cast扔出:表示扔出的东西轻，被扩散开(scattering)，toss抛: 向上的轻轻或随意的扔，fling用力扔: 强调用力扔出，几乎不控制瞄准目标，hurl也是用力扔: 强有力的扔,如重物，pitch: 可表示小心的扔；或表示轻轻的或随意的扔，sling抛扔,弹弓,吊带吊挎:突然用力挥动或抛扔,形成弧线(sweep,swing)形轨迹。


记忆方法: 1）首字母TCTFHPS重组成Pao Tong Tong Chao Hai Fa She炮统统朝海发射<==扔出炮弹<==保卫海疆


         2）扔出的意思是通过推力或动作使快速移动mean to cause to move swiftly throughspace by a propulsive movement or propelling force.