scold: implies a rebuking in irritation or ill temper justly or unjustly: vent her frustrations by ~ing the children.    rebuke严厉尖锐批评a sharp stern reproof，如rebuked dissenting church officials严厉批评教会官员


upbraid: implies a censuring on definite and usually justifiable grounds: the governor ~ed his aides for poor research.


berate: suggests a prolonged and often abusive scolding: ~d continually by a violent, abusive father.


rail: used with at or against, stresses an unrestrained berating: ~ed loudly at the whims of fate.    whims of fate命运多舛chuǎn, 比喻命运充满不顺不幸


revile: implies a scurrilous, abusive attacking prompted by anger or hatred: a President vehemently ~d in the press.


vituperate: suggests a violent, abusive reviling: the preacher more given to ~ing than to inspiring.


scold责备斥责: 指发脾气不耐烦地批评，可能合理或不合理，upbraid责备斥责: 有明确合理的理由，berate痛斥: 表示长时间斥责，rail痛斥: 强调无节制地痛斥，revile辱骂: 肮脏辱骂，表现出愤怒仇恨，vituperate大肆辱骂: 狂暴猛烈地辱骂


记忆方法： 1）首字母重组成SUB+RVR，词根SUB表示以下，RVR是revere的自然缩写，十分好记<==责骂  前2个词，一个强调有合理理由，一个表示脾气不好不耐烦，刚好相反       后4个词都很严重，都用到了abusive辱骂来解释

           2）责骂的意思是严厉谴责或辱骂mean to reproach angrily and abusively.