assume: often implies a justifiable motive rather than an intent to deceive: ~ an air of cheerfulness for the sake of the patient.


affect: implies make a false show of possessing, using or feeling something, usually for effect: willing to ~ an interest in art in order to impress her.     (profess公开宣称,常虚假she still professes her innocence她仍然声称自己无辜 )


pretend: implies an overt and sustained false profession of what is not true: ~ed not to know about her husband's affair. 婚外情,用单数


simulate: suggests an assumption of the characteristics of something else by an close simulation: the training chamber ~ the weightless atmosphere.   (imitate: 尽可能逼真地模仿原形或模式，如imitate a poet's style模仿诗人风格)


feign: implies more artful invention than pretend, less specific imitation than simulate: ~ sickness in order to stay home from school. (artful做事巧妙，有技巧: 懂人情世故做事委婉，如an artful dealmaker一个做事巧妙的交易手)


counterfeit: implies imitation that achieves an extremely high degree of verisimilitude: ~ drunkenness so perfectly that many forgot he was acting.


sham: stresses an obvious intent to deceive with falseness that fools only the gullible: ~med a most unconvincing limp.  （gullible: 非常容易受骗，如you are so gullible to these salesmen联想gull海鸥）


assume装作: 常表示有正当动机，而不是故意欺骗，affect假装: 表示虚假显示自己拥有使用感觉某事，常为制造效果，pretend假装: 指公开虚假宣称某事，simulate仿真: 尽可能逼真地模仿特性(assume characteristics, close imitation)，feint佯装: 比pretend巧妙,不及simulate逼真(specific本意是详细detailed，即逼真)，counterfeit高仿: 形容模仿极端逼真(verisimilitude逼真)，常用于假钞，sham拙劣假装: 明显的欺骗，只有最轻信的人才相信。


记忆方法: 1）首字母AAPSFCS想成AS Pengyou AS FuChu<==假装朋友，假装付出


         2）假装的意思是装出虚假或欺骗性外表mean to put on a false or deceptive appearance。