mindmap root((SURG)) upsurge A rapid or sudden increase or rise.
🌱Almost forgotten for years, at 76 he was offered a colorful role in an odd little film, which brought an upsurge in interest in his career. 🌳An upsurge in drug use sometimes leads to an upsurge in crime. An upsurge of flu cases can be cause for alarm. And an upsurge of fury at overpaid CEOs might lead to new legislation to restrain high salaries. We seem to use upsurge more in negative contexts than in positive ones, but not always; we usually welcome an upsurge of consumer confidence, an upsurge in new-car sales, or an upsurge in the stock market. insurgency A usually violent attempt to take control of a government; a rebellion or uprising.
🌱The Mexican press was fascinated by the armed insurgency's mysterious leader, who wore a mask and went by the name of Subcomandante Marcos. 🌳Insurgencies fall into the category of "irregular warfare," since an insurgency normally lacks the organization of a revolution, even though it has the same aims. Revolutions often begin within a country's armed forces, whereas insurgencies often arise in remote areas, where they gain strength slowly by winning the confidence of rural populations. An insurgency may be based on ethnic or religious identity, or its roots may be basically political or economic. Since insurgencies are rarely strong enough to face a national army head-on, insurgents （often called guerrillas） tend to use such tactics as bombing, kidnapping, hostage taking, and hijacking. counterinsurgent A person taking military or political action against guerrillas or revolutionaries.
🌱Counterinsurgents who build trust with the local population will gradually begin to receive useful information. 🌳A counterinsurgent is, as you might guess, someone who combats an insurgency. Counterinsurgency efforts often attempt to win the "hearts and minds" of a population by hiring and paying local villagers, opening health clinics and schools, organizing sports programs, and providing agricultural assistance. These terms were first used to describe the American effort to strengthen the South Vietnamese government against communist forces in the 1960s—an effort that eventually ended in defeat. resurgent Rising again into life, activity, or prominence.
🌱The country had let down its guard over the summer, and in the fall a resurgent flu virus overwhelmed the public-health system, killing tens of thousands. 🌳Resurgent means literally a "rising again" （See RE.）We may speak of a resurgent baseball team, a resurgent steel industry, the resurgence of jogging, or a resurgence of violence in a war zone. Resurgence is particularly prominent in its Italian translation, risorgimento. In the 19th century, when the Italian peninsula consisted of a number of small independent states, a popular movement known as the Risorgimento managed to unify the peninsula and create the modern state of Italy in 1870.