mindmap
root((STRAT))
stratum
1、 A layer of a substance, especially one of a series of layers.
2、 A level of society made up of people of the same rank or position.
🌱Alcohol and drug abuse are found in every stratum of society. 🌳In geology, a stratum is a layer of rock or soil that is distinct from those above and below it. Rock and soil strata （notice the plural form） can be seen in road cuts, cliffs, quarries, riverbanks, and sand dunes, and in pieces of limestone, slate, and shale. Archaeologists digging in historical sites are careful to note the stratum where each artifact is found. Earth scientists divide the earth's atmosphere into strata, just as oceanographers divide the ocean's depths into strata. And for social scientists, a stratum is a group of people who are similar in some way, such as education, culture, or income. stratification The process or state of being formed, deposited, or arranged in layers.
🌱The stratification of the lake in summer keeps oxygen-rich cold water at the bottom, where coldwater fish such as trout take refuge. 🌳If you look for it, you'll find stratification almost everywhere. On a tall rain-forest tree, there may be different air plants clinging to it, different insects crawling on it, and different mammals making their homes at different levels. The earth beneath you may be stratified into several distinctive layers within the first 20 feet. If the wind you're feeling is moving at 10 miles per hour, at 30 feet above your head it may be 20 mph, and in the jet stream above that it may be 150 mph. If you climb a high mountain in Himalayas, you may begin in a lush, wet forest and end up in a windswept environment where not even lichen will grow. substrate 1、 An underlying layer.
2、 The base on which an organism lives.
🌱The soil is the substrate of most seed plants. 🌳With its Latin prefix sub-, "below" （See SUB,） substrate obviously refers to a layer under something else. Rock may serve as the substrate for the coral in a coral reef. Tiny wafers of silicon （or another semiconductor serve as the substrate for computer chips. Substrate may also mean subsoil—that is, the layer under the topsoil, lacking in organic matter or humus. Substrate is part of the vocabulary of various other sciences, including chemistry and biology. But although it's mostly a scientific term, writers may also use it to mean simply "foundation"—for instance, when observing that reading is the substrate on which most other learning is based. stratocumulus A low-lying cloud formation appearing as extensive and often dark horizontal layers, with tops rounded into large balls or rolls.
🌱A dark bank of stratocumulus clouds was moving in quickly, and in March that usually meant bad weather. 🌳When a cloud type forms a broad "layer" over the earth, the strat- root shows up in its scientific name. The type called simply stratus forms a low layer of gray extending over a large area. Cirrostratus （"curl layer"） clouds form a high, thin layer often covering the entire sky （but without the wispy curls of ice crystals that give pure cirrus clouds their name）. Altostratus （"high layer"） clouds form a darkish gray mid-altitude layer. Nimbostratus （"rainstorm layer"） clouds form a low, dark layer of gray cloud that usually produces light but continuous rain, snow, or sleet （but not violent storms of the kind that give pure nimbus clouds their name）. Cumulus （"heap"） is the familiar puffy fair-weather type of cloud; stratocumulus is its more wintry version, which spreads out in a fairly flat layer, much less "heaped up," and sometimes dense enough to cover almost the whole sky.
2、 A level of society made up of people of the same rank or position.
🌱Alcohol and drug abuse are found in every stratum of society. 🌳In geology, a stratum is a layer of rock or soil that is distinct from those above and below it. Rock and soil strata （notice the plural form） can be seen in road cuts, cliffs, quarries, riverbanks, and sand dunes, and in pieces of limestone, slate, and shale. Archaeologists digging in historical sites are careful to note the stratum where each artifact is found. Earth scientists divide the earth's atmosphere into strata, just as oceanographers divide the ocean's depths into strata. And for social scientists, a stratum is a group of people who are similar in some way, such as education, culture, or income. stratification The process or state of being formed, deposited, or arranged in layers.
🌱The stratification of the lake in summer keeps oxygen-rich cold water at the bottom, where coldwater fish such as trout take refuge. 🌳If you look for it, you'll find stratification almost everywhere. On a tall rain-forest tree, there may be different air plants clinging to it, different insects crawling on it, and different mammals making their homes at different levels. The earth beneath you may be stratified into several distinctive layers within the first 20 feet. If the wind you're feeling is moving at 10 miles per hour, at 30 feet above your head it may be 20 mph, and in the jet stream above that it may be 150 mph. If you climb a high mountain in Himalayas, you may begin in a lush, wet forest and end up in a windswept environment where not even lichen will grow. substrate 1、 An underlying layer.
2、 The base on which an organism lives.
🌱The soil is the substrate of most seed plants. 🌳With its Latin prefix sub-, "below" （See SUB,） substrate obviously refers to a layer under something else. Rock may serve as the substrate for the coral in a coral reef. Tiny wafers of silicon （or another semiconductor serve as the substrate for computer chips. Substrate may also mean subsoil—that is, the layer under the topsoil, lacking in organic matter or humus. Substrate is part of the vocabulary of various other sciences, including chemistry and biology. But although it's mostly a scientific term, writers may also use it to mean simply "foundation"—for instance, when observing that reading is the substrate on which most other learning is based. stratocumulus A low-lying cloud formation appearing as extensive and often dark horizontal layers, with tops rounded into large balls or rolls.
🌱A dark bank of stratocumulus clouds was moving in quickly, and in March that usually meant bad weather. 🌳When a cloud type forms a broad "layer" over the earth, the strat- root shows up in its scientific name. The type called simply stratus forms a low layer of gray extending over a large area. Cirrostratus （"curl layer"） clouds form a high, thin layer often covering the entire sky （but without the wispy curls of ice crystals that give pure cirrus clouds their name）. Altostratus （"high layer"） clouds form a darkish gray mid-altitude layer. Nimbostratus （"rainstorm layer"） clouds form a low, dark layer of gray cloud that usually produces light but continuous rain, snow, or sleet （but not violent storms of the kind that give pure nimbus clouds their name）. Cumulus （"heap"） is the familiar puffy fair-weather type of cloud; stratocumulus is its more wintry version, which spreads out in a fairly flat layer, much less "heaped up," and sometimes dense enough to cover almost the whole sky.
STRAT comes from the Latin word stratum, meaning "spread" or "bed." Strata, a form of the same word, came to be used by the Romans to mean "paved road"—that is, street.🌸