mindmap
root((PEN/PUN))
penal
Having to do with punishment or penalties, or institutions where punishment is given.
🌱The classic novels Les Misérables and The Count of Monte Cristo portray the terrible conditions in French penal institutions in the 19th century. 🌳A state or country's penal code defines its crimes and describes its punishments. During the 18th and 19th centuries, many countries established penal colonies, where criminals were sent as punishment. Often these were unbearably severe; but it was to such colonies that some of Australia's and the United States' early white inhabitants came, and the convicts provided labor for the European settlement of these lands. impunity Freedom from punishment, harm, or loss.
🌱Under the flag of truce, the soldiers crossed the field with impunity. 🌳Impunity is protection from punishment, just as immunity is protection from disease. Tom Sawyer, in Mark Twain's novel, broke his Aunt Polly's rules with near impunity because he could usually sweet-talk her into forgiving him; if that failed, he had enjoyed himself so much he didn't care what punishment she gave him. penance An act of self-punishment or religious devotion to show sorrow or regret for sin or wrongdoing.
🌱In the Middle Ages bands of pilgrims would trudge to distant holy sites as penance for their sins. 🌳Penance as a form of apology for a mistake can be either voluntary or ordered by someone else. Many religions include penance among the ways in which believers can show repentance or regret for a misdeed. The Christian season of Lent, 40 days long, is traditionally a time for doing penance. punitive Giving, involving, or aiming at punishment.
🌱The least popular teachers are usually the ones with punitive attitudes, those who seem to enjoy punishing more than teaching. 🌳Punitive is an important word in the law. When you sue a person or company for having wronged you in some way, you normally ask for something of value equal to what you were deprived of by the other party. But when the defendant has done something particularly bad, you may also ask for punitive damages, money over and above the actual cost of the harm done, intended to teach the defendant a lesson. Punitive damages are fairly rare, but when they're actually granted they may be as much as four times the size of the basic damages.
🌱The classic novels Les Misérables and The Count of Monte Cristo portray the terrible conditions in French penal institutions in the 19th century. 🌳A state or country's penal code defines its crimes and describes its punishments. During the 18th and 19th centuries, many countries established penal colonies, where criminals were sent as punishment. Often these were unbearably severe; but it was to such colonies that some of Australia's and the United States' early white inhabitants came, and the convicts provided labor for the European settlement of these lands. impunity Freedom from punishment, harm, or loss.
🌱Under the flag of truce, the soldiers crossed the field with impunity. 🌳Impunity is protection from punishment, just as immunity is protection from disease. Tom Sawyer, in Mark Twain's novel, broke his Aunt Polly's rules with near impunity because he could usually sweet-talk her into forgiving him; if that failed, he had enjoyed himself so much he didn't care what punishment she gave him. penance An act of self-punishment or religious devotion to show sorrow or regret for sin or wrongdoing.
🌱In the Middle Ages bands of pilgrims would trudge to distant holy sites as penance for their sins. 🌳Penance as a form of apology for a mistake can be either voluntary or ordered by someone else. Many religions include penance among the ways in which believers can show repentance or regret for a misdeed. The Christian season of Lent, 40 days long, is traditionally a time for doing penance. punitive Giving, involving, or aiming at punishment.
🌱The least popular teachers are usually the ones with punitive attitudes, those who seem to enjoy punishing more than teaching. 🌳Punitive is an important word in the law. When you sue a person or company for having wronged you in some way, you normally ask for something of value equal to what you were deprived of by the other party. But when the defendant has done something particularly bad, you may also ask for punitive damages, money over and above the actual cost of the harm done, intended to teach the defendant a lesson. Punitive damages are fairly rare, but when they're actually granted they may be as much as four times the size of the basic damages.
PEN/PUN comes from the Latin words poena,"penalty," and punire,"to punish." A penalty is, of course, a punishment.🌸