mindmap root((PATER/PATR)) patrician A person of high birth or of good breeding and cultivation; an aristocrat.
🌱They passed themselves off as patricians, and no one looked too closely at where their money came from. 🌳A patrician was originally a descendant of one of the original citizen families of ancient Rome. Until about 350 B.C., only patricians could hold the office of senator, consul, or pontifex （priest）. Later, the word was applied to members of the nobility created by the Roman emperor Constantine. As time went by, other nobles, such as those in medieval Italian republics and in German city-states, also came to be known as patricians. Today someone's appearance, manners, or tastes can be described as patrician, whether the person is actually of high birth or not. The actress Grace Kelly, an immigrant's daughter, was admired for her patrician beauty even before she became Princess Grace of Monaco, with classic features worthy of ancient Rome's finest sculptors. patriarchy 1、 A family, group, or government controlled by a man or a group of men.
2、 A social system in which family members are related to each other through their fathers.
🌱She spent the 1980s raging against the patriarchy, which she claimed had destroyed the lives of millions of women. 🌳With its root -arch, meaning "ruler, leader," a patriarch is a man who dominates something, even if it's just a family. In Christianity, the term is used for a few leading figures who appear early in the Old Testament, including Methuselah, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; in the Eastern Orthodox church, a patriarch is usually the equivalent of a bishop. Outside of the field of anthropology, patriarchy didn't start to be used much until the 1970s, when the women's movement gained a huge following. Many feminists have claimed that all Western societies are patriarchal—that is, that they systematically enable men to dominate women. But there's plenty of disagreement about how this is done, and the word isn't discussed as often as it used to be. expatriate A person who has moved to a foreign land.
🌱As he got to know his fellow expatriates in Morocco, he found himself wondering what had led each of them to leave America. 🌳Expatriate combines the prefix ex-,"out of" or "away from," with the Latin patria,"fatherland." A famous colony of expatriates was the group of writers and artists who gathered in Paris between the two world wars, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein. Unlike an exile or an emigrant, an expatriate's residence abroad is usually voluntary and extended but not permanent, and expatriates—often called expats—generally keep their original national identity and eventually end their self-imposed exiles by repatriating themselves. paternalistic Tending to supply the needs of or regulate the activities of those under one's control.
🌱Some still accuse the university of being too paternalistic in regulating student living arrangements. 🌳A good father shows paternal concern about his children, just as a good mother often acts out of maternal feeling. But paternalistic has a negative sound nowadays, since paternalistic people or institutions seek—often with decent intentions—to control many aspects of the lives of those under their control. In the 19th century, mill owners actually often provided cheap housing for the mill's employees. Today companies frequently have strict rules regarding personal appearance, or against marriages within the company. Colleges and universities used to practice a kind of paternalism, especially in trying to keep men and women out of each other's dorms, but a changing society has mostly put an end to that.