mindmap
root((LOG))
physiology
1、 A branch of biology dealing with the processes and activities by which living things, tissues, and cells function.
2、 The life processes and activities of a living thing or any of its parts.
🌱For students planning to go to medical school, the university's most popular major is Human Physiology. 🌳The Latin root physio- generally means "physical," so human physiology deals with just about everything that keeps us alive and working, and other physiology specialties do the same for other animals and for plants. To do anything serious in the field of health, you've obviously got to know how the body's organs and cells function normally. Physiology used to be considered separately from anatomy, which focuses on the body's structures; however, it's now known that structure and function can't easily be separated in a scientific way, so "anatomy and physiology" are often spoken of in the same breath. methodology A set of methods or rules followed in a science or field.
🌱Some researchers claimed that Dr. Keller's methodology was sloppy and had led to unreliable conclusions. 🌳The methodology employed in an experiment is essential to its success, and bad methodology has spoiled thousands of research projects. So whenever a piece of research is published in a scientific or medical journal, the researchers always carefully describe their methodology; otherwise, other scientists couldn't possibly judge the quality of what they've done. ideology The set of ideas and beliefs of a group or political party.
🌱By the time she turned 19, she realized she no longer believed in her family's political ideology. 🌳The root ideo-, as you might guess, means "idea." Ideas and theories about human behavior can always be carried too far, since such behavior is very hard to pin down. So ideological thinkers—people who come up with large theories about how the world works and try to explain everything （and maybe even predict the future） according to those theories—are almost always disappointed, sooner or later, to find that it doesn't really work out. A person intensely devoted to a set of political ideas or theories can be called an ideologue—a translation of the French idéologue, a word actually coined by Napoleon as a label for those political thinkers full of ideas he had no use for. cardiology The study of the heart and its action and diseases.
🌱After his heart attack, he actually bought himself a cardiology textbook and set about learning everything he could about his unreliable organ. 🌳The root card- （closely related to cord—see CORD） shows up in many heart-related words. Cardiologists frequently find themselves studying cardiograms, the charts of heart activity, made by machines called cardiographs. Heart attacks, and deaths caused by them, have both declined as a result of better medical emergency procedures, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and a decline in smoking. But the factors likely to actually improve heart health, such as better diets and more cardiovascular exercise （exercise, such as running, that improves the heart and blood vessels）, haven't made any progress at all. So we should all be prepared to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation （an emergency procedure done on someone whose heart has stopped, to get the heart and lungs working again）.
2、 The life processes and activities of a living thing or any of its parts.
🌱For students planning to go to medical school, the university's most popular major is Human Physiology. 🌳The Latin root physio- generally means "physical," so human physiology deals with just about everything that keeps us alive and working, and other physiology specialties do the same for other animals and for plants. To do anything serious in the field of health, you've obviously got to know how the body's organs and cells function normally. Physiology used to be considered separately from anatomy, which focuses on the body's structures; however, it's now known that structure and function can't easily be separated in a scientific way, so "anatomy and physiology" are often spoken of in the same breath. methodology A set of methods or rules followed in a science or field.
🌱Some researchers claimed that Dr. Keller's methodology was sloppy and had led to unreliable conclusions. 🌳The methodology employed in an experiment is essential to its success, and bad methodology has spoiled thousands of research projects. So whenever a piece of research is published in a scientific or medical journal, the researchers always carefully describe their methodology; otherwise, other scientists couldn't possibly judge the quality of what they've done. ideology The set of ideas and beliefs of a group or political party.
🌱By the time she turned 19, she realized she no longer believed in her family's political ideology. 🌳The root ideo-, as you might guess, means "idea." Ideas and theories about human behavior can always be carried too far, since such behavior is very hard to pin down. So ideological thinkers—people who come up with large theories about how the world works and try to explain everything （and maybe even predict the future） according to those theories—are almost always disappointed, sooner or later, to find that it doesn't really work out. A person intensely devoted to a set of political ideas or theories can be called an ideologue—a translation of the French idéologue, a word actually coined by Napoleon as a label for those political thinkers full of ideas he had no use for. cardiology The study of the heart and its action and diseases.
🌱After his heart attack, he actually bought himself a cardiology textbook and set about learning everything he could about his unreliable organ. 🌳The root card- （closely related to cord—see CORD） shows up in many heart-related words. Cardiologists frequently find themselves studying cardiograms, the charts of heart activity, made by machines called cardiographs. Heart attacks, and deaths caused by them, have both declined as a result of better medical emergency procedures, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and a decline in smoking. But the factors likely to actually improve heart health, such as better diets and more cardiovascular exercise （exercise, such as running, that improves the heart and blood vessels）, haven't made any progress at all. So we should all be prepared to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation （an emergency procedure done on someone whose heart has stopped, to get the heart and lungs working again）.
LOG, from the Greek word logos, meaning "word," "speech," or "reason," is found particularly in English words that end in -logy and -logue.The ending -logy often means "the study of"; so, for instance, biology is the study of life, and anthropology is the study of humans. And -logue usually indicates a type of discussion; thus, dialogue is conversation between two people or groups, and an epilogue is an author's last words on a subject. But exceptions aren't hard to find.🌸