mindmap root((CODI/CODE)) codex A book in handwritten form, especially a book of Scripture, classics, or ancient texts.
🌱There on the shelves of the monastery library they saw codex after codex, all carefully copied and illustrated by hand. 🌳In the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D., the codex began to replace the older scroll as the preferred form for longer writings. Unlike the scroll, this wonderful invention permitted writing on both sides of a sheet, made it easy to locate a particular passage, and could contain a very long piece of writing. Codices （note this unusual plural form） were usually written on parchment, the specially prepared skin of a sheep or goat, or papyrus, the ancestor of paper. Because codices were handwritten, there were few copies of any single codex, and sometimes only a single copy. Today we no longer write our books in longhand, but the modern book has kept basically the same form as the original codices. codicil 1、 An amendment or addition made to a will.
2、 An appendix or supplement.
🌱With the birth of each new grandchild, the old man added a new codicil to his will. 🌳A codicil is literally a "little codex," a little bit of writing on a small piece of writing material, used to add to or change something about a larger piece of writing. A codicil to a will can change the terms of the original will completely, so it generally requires witnesses just like the will itself, though in some states a handwritten codicil may not. In mystery novels, such changes have been known to cause murders; in real life, codicils aren't usually quite that exciting. codify To arrange according to a system; classify.
🌱In the 6th century B.C., the great statesman Solon newly codified the laws of Athens, replacing the harsh legal code of Draco. 🌳A code is a collection of laws arranged in an orderly way; famous examples include the Code of Hammurabi, from about 1760 B.C. in ancient Babylon, and the Napoleonic Code, produced at Napoleon's orders in 1804. Laws that have been included in a code have been codified. The rules of baseball differed greatly from one place to another until they were codified by Alexander Cartwright in 1845; they haven't changed much since, though we don't know what Cartwright would say about the designated hitter. decode 1、 To put a coded message into an understandable form.
2、 To find the underlying meaning of; decipher.
🌱The Allies were able to decode many important secret messages sent by the Germans and Japanese in World War II. 🌳To decode is to take out of code and put into understandable language. （Its opposite is encode,"to put into coded form."） But dreams may sometimes also be decoded; psychologists often try to decode the images of their patients' dreams so as to understand the emotions behind them. And readers must often decode what a novel or story or poem is telling them, which may require two or three readings. Decipher is often a synonym, though we now use it when talking about reading difficult handwriting.