mindmap
root((ART))
artful
1、 Skillful.
2、 Wily, crafty, sly.
🌱It was an artful solution: each side was pleased with the agreement, but it was the lawyer himself who stood to make the most money off of it. 🌳A writer may produce an artful piece of prose, one that's clearly and elegantly written. The same writer might also make an artful argument, one that cleverly leaves out certain details and plays up others so as to make a stronger case. In the first instance, the prose is well crafted; in the second, the argument might instead be called crafty. But even though both uses are correct, most of us still use artful somewhat differently from artistic. artifact A usually simple object made by human workmanship, such as a tool or ornament, that represents a culture or a stage in a culture's development.
🌱Through the artifacts found by archaeologists, we now know a considerable amount about how the early Anasazi people of the Southwest lived. 🌳One of the things that make humans unique is their ability to make and use tools, and ever since the first rough stone axes began to appear about 700,000 years ago, human cultures have left behind artifacts from which we've tried to draw a picture of their everyday life. The roots of artifact mean basically "something made with skill"; thus, a mere stone that was used for pounding isn't an artifact, since it wasn't shaped by humans for its purpose—unlike a ram's horn that was polished and given a brass mouthpiece and was blown as part of a religious ritual. artifice 1、 Clever skill.
2、 A clever trick.
🌱By his cunning and artifice, Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona has been unfaithful. 🌳Artifice can be a tricky word to use. It combines the same roots as artifact, so it's sometimes seen in descriptions of craftsmanship （"The artifice that went into this jewelry can still astound us," "The chef had used all his artifice to disguise the nature of the meat"）. But it can also be used for many situations that don't involve physical materials （"They had gotten around the rules by a clever artifice," "The artifice of the plot is ingenious"）. Like its adjective, artificial, artifice isn't necessarily either positive nor negative. But both words can make us slightly uncomfortable if we like to think of simplicity and naturalness as important values. artisan A skilled worker or craftsperson.
🌱At the fair, they saw examples of the best carving, pottery, and jewelry by local artisans. 🌳Artisans aren't the same as artists, but it can sometimes be hard to tell the difference. In the Middle Ages, artisans organized themselves into guilds. In every city each group of artisans—weavers, carpenters, shoemakers, and so on—had its own guild, which set wages and prices, kept standards high, and protected its members from outside competitors. In America, however, most artisans have always been fiercely independent. Today, when factories produce almost all of our goods, artisans usually make only fine objects for those who can afford them. And we now even include food among the artisan's crafts, so you can buy artisanal cheeses, breads, and chocolates—but probably not if you're watching your budget.
2、 Wily, crafty, sly.
🌱It was an artful solution: each side was pleased with the agreement, but it was the lawyer himself who stood to make the most money off of it. 🌳A writer may produce an artful piece of prose, one that's clearly and elegantly written. The same writer might also make an artful argument, one that cleverly leaves out certain details and plays up others so as to make a stronger case. In the first instance, the prose is well crafted; in the second, the argument might instead be called crafty. But even though both uses are correct, most of us still use artful somewhat differently from artistic. artifact A usually simple object made by human workmanship, such as a tool or ornament, that represents a culture or a stage in a culture's development.
🌱Through the artifacts found by archaeologists, we now know a considerable amount about how the early Anasazi people of the Southwest lived. 🌳One of the things that make humans unique is their ability to make and use tools, and ever since the first rough stone axes began to appear about 700,000 years ago, human cultures have left behind artifacts from which we've tried to draw a picture of their everyday life. The roots of artifact mean basically "something made with skill"; thus, a mere stone that was used for pounding isn't an artifact, since it wasn't shaped by humans for its purpose—unlike a ram's horn that was polished and given a brass mouthpiece and was blown as part of a religious ritual. artifice 1、 Clever skill.
2、 A clever trick.
🌱By his cunning and artifice, Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona has been unfaithful. 🌳Artifice can be a tricky word to use. It combines the same roots as artifact, so it's sometimes seen in descriptions of craftsmanship （"The artifice that went into this jewelry can still astound us," "The chef had used all his artifice to disguise the nature of the meat"）. But it can also be used for many situations that don't involve physical materials （"They had gotten around the rules by a clever artifice," "The artifice of the plot is ingenious"）. Like its adjective, artificial, artifice isn't necessarily either positive nor negative. But both words can make us slightly uncomfortable if we like to think of simplicity and naturalness as important values. artisan A skilled worker or craftsperson.
🌱At the fair, they saw examples of the best carving, pottery, and jewelry by local artisans. 🌳Artisans aren't the same as artists, but it can sometimes be hard to tell the difference. In the Middle Ages, artisans organized themselves into guilds. In every city each group of artisans—weavers, carpenters, shoemakers, and so on—had its own guild, which set wages and prices, kept standards high, and protected its members from outside competitors. In America, however, most artisans have always been fiercely independent. Today, when factories produce almost all of our goods, artisans usually make only fine objects for those who can afford them. And we now even include food among the artisan's crafts, so you can buy artisanal cheeses, breads, and chocolates—but probably not if you're watching your budget.
ART comes from the Latin word for "skill." This reminds us that, until a few centuries ago, almost no one made a strong distinction between skilled craftsmanship and what we would now call "art." And the word art itself could also mean simply "cleverness." The result is that this root appears in some words where we might not expect it.🌸